文法6 - 分詞

分詞有現在分詞(Ving)與過去分詞(Ven)，都可視為形容詞。

先認識形容詞字尾的旋外之音:
-ful (很,full of) ,例如 usefull
-ish ( 一點) , 例如 grayish
-less (沒,不) , 例如 valueless
-ing (正在,一直) ,例如 barking (現在分詞)
-ed,en (被動,完成) ,例如 boiled (過去分詞)

EX.
Boiled Water is safe to drink. (動詞變為形容詞)

 

一.帶有「完成」暗示而非「被動態」的過去分詞。都是直接來形容主詞。

當補語修飾主語 S+V+C

EX. I  can't find my wallet. It's gone.
     (我找不到皮夾,它不見了)
EX. The leaves are all fallen, now that winter is here.
     (冬天一到,葉子全都掉光了)
EX. I'm done. It's all yours.
     (我已經好了,該你用囉)

二.字跟字首分析 可不可以使用被動態 

EX.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
consist 的字根 sist 是 stand 或 be 的意思，都為不及物，配合字首con(toghter)，則可以解釋為 stand together 或 be together (一起存在之意)，既然為不及物動詞，就沒有受詞，也就無被動態。

EX.Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
可是 compose 就不同了。字跟pos解釋為place(放)，是及物動詞，所以可以有被動態，才可以用到過去分詞composed.

結論:
不及物動詞(可獨立發生,沒有受詞) --> 無被動態
及物動詞(需要受詞才能表達意思)  --> 有被動態 

三.形容詞子句簡化的結果  (=形容詞片語)

EX1.Toys made in Taiwan are much better now.
       (現在台灣製造的玩具好多了)
     =Toys which are made in Taiwan are much better now.

EX2.Children living in orphanages make a lot of friends.
       (在孤兒院生活的小朋友可以交很多朋友)
     =Children who are living in orphanages make a lot of friends.

EX3.The vase being auctioned now is a Ming China.
       (正在拍賣的花瓶是明朝的瓷器)
     =The vase which is being auctioned now is a Ming China.

四.副詞子句簡化的結果  (=分詞構句)(不一定是什麼詞類)

EX1.Wounded in war, the soldier was sent home.
       (在戰場上受了傷,士兵就被遣送回國了)
     =After/Beacuse he was wounded in war, the soldier was sent home.
        一但主詞與動詞省略了,也就不需要連接詞了.

EX2.The pigeon,after flying 200 miles, was caught up in net.
       (這隻鴿子在飛了兩百哩之後被網子網住了)
     =The pigeon,after it was flew 200 miles, was caught up in net.
       After 可留下來

EX3.Having finished the day's work, the secretary went home.
       (做完一天的工作後,秘書回家去了)
    =She had finished the day's work, the secretary went home.
      沒有be動詞可以刪,改為分詞形態

如何簡化句子?
先從主詞開始刪,再來是刪be動詞,如果沒有be動詞可以刪,則動詞要自行改為分詞形態,而一但主詞與動詞省略了,也就不需要連接詞After/When/Because了.

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